Alexander Great in Egypt
Few people did not hear about Alexander Macedonian, even in the ancient times the fame of the greatest commander. Who was a man who received the name of Iskander Zulkarkarnine and nicknamed Alexander Great on the Muslim East and nicknamed in the West? The future conqueror was the son of the Macedonian king Philip II. He came to power twenty and thirteen years old managed to turn the entire antique world. Alexander conquered the phiva and captured Malny Asia, Egypt and Syria. Defeated the Persian power and made trips to the front Asia and India.
Thanks to Macedonian, the history of Egypt of the next three centuries was closely intertwined with the history of ancient Greece. The era of the board of Ptolemyev, the dynasty founded by the Diarat of Alexander the Great. The three hundred years of the Hellenistic period left behind a lot of architectural monuments: Kom-Mesbo Temple, Gator Temple in Dendere, Khnum Temple in ESNE and Isides on File Island, Edfu Temple and many others.
Hellenistic Egypt: alloy of two great civilizations
The Great Conqueror arrived in Egypt in 332 BC. NS. To the death of the founder of a huge empire remained nine years. Macedonian was proclaimed by Pharaoh and the Earth incarnation of Zeus Amon. From now on, it is possible to start the countdown of Hellenistic Egypt, which has enriched Greek and Egyptian history and culture. Capital of the country Pyramids became the city of Alexandria, founded by Alexander. However, the Macedonian gave the Macedonian unnecesssed modesty gave his name to dozens of settlements. Many of them were absorbed by the river of time, some have survived to this day. Among them, Alexandria Egypt, the second largest megapolis.
Although Egypt gradually lost identity, Ellina did not press the local culture and tradition. Old priesthood, although he lost the part of the former influence, was supported by the Greeks. The interpenetration of cultures was felt in everything: in religion (for example, Degen earlier, Imhotep entered the Greek cults under the name of Asclepia, the god of healing), in the legislation (a set of laws of the Ptolemaev era, was a real "Vinaigrette" from Egyptian and Greek legal acts), in religious architecture and other aspects of the life of society.
Gerrond and Feokritis, Apollonius, Rhodes and Callima from Kyrenima lived in Alexandria. In this city was the greatest library of an ancient world, Alexandria, attracted scientists of husbands and philosophers from all over the ancient world. In Alexandria, Archimedari and Evlaklid, Aristarhi Samos and Samofraki, Eratosthane, Claudius Ptolemy, Strabo and Hipparch. In the cult architecture of Egypt, contributed and the Macedonian. In particular, tourists visiting the Luxor Temple can see on one of the Sanctures of the Cartus named Alexander. It is said that this temple built (or completed) Alexander Great.
Martialctions
North of Africa Macedonian attracted not the sights of Egypt and the beauty of oases in the middle of the desert. For the famous commander, a hike in the country Pyramid was, by more account, only not the most important episode in the epic battle with Persians. In May 334 BC. Evior joined the land of Malaya Asia, crushing through Gellespont in the vicinity of the legendary Troy. A two-year-old campaign with passing conquest of Malaya Asia, Egypt and Syria began.
Under Alexander, there were up to 50,000 people, mostly Greeks. Not all cities, even fairly well fortified, provided the aliens worthy resistance. Frysia surrendered, revealed the gate before the conquerors of the city of Sarda, whose siege of which McEndonian could leave for many months. The city of Alinda was commissioned by the Macedonian Ada, former Cary Satrap. After this event, a significant part of the karytsev from other cities has moved to the side of Ellinov. Galicarnas and Military, held by the experienced divisions of Persians were strong nuts. Persian fleet has also been supported by Milet, but unsuccessfully.
After taking Galicarnas, Ellina pretty quickly conquered the remnants of Malaya Asia and gave a decisive battle of the troops of Darius III in the battle of. The main forces of Egyptians who were in vassal dependence on the Persian Empire were also broken as part of the Persian Army. The battle of Isse was a very popular story of antiquity due to the famous mosaic. Unfortunately, the original of this masterpiece has not been preserved, but a copy was found in Italy in Pompeii.
The defeat of Darayavausha (real name of the Persian monarch, whom the Greeks, who did not know the sound "W", called the Hellenistic manner by Got) opened the path to the macedonyans to Fianch, Palestine and Egypt. On the siege of the Tira, the last Oklota of the Phoenicians, went long of seven months. Together with Tyr, a powerful Persian fleet stopped existed, and the time of the dominion of Persians on the sea of the Mediterranean ended. In Palestine, the gas resisted in Palestine, after which Alexander was defenseless Egypt, the main forces of which were broken during Issé.
However, the Egyptians themselves are tired of the Persian yoke and strong resistance to the newcomers did not provide. Macedonian showed himself a fairly wise politician and did not configure the local population against himself. The creator of the greatest world power of his time spent in the country of Pharaohs of some six months. During this time, he founded Alexandria, the new capital of the country, made a pilgrimage to Oracle Zeus-Amon in the Libyan desert, conducted the sacrarization of himself and left to continue loudling the Persians.
It is said that Alexander’s attention attracted the Pyramid of Heops and he even descended into the tomb, however, the evidence or refutation of this fact is hardly possible. In a few years, Macedonian dies suddenly, his power will begin to break on the part yesterday’s combat comrades, and for Egypt, a 300-year period of Lagid Management (Ptolemyev), called historians of Hellenistic.
