Germany "Unclean"
Civilization always fell on nature in pursuit of new spaces for life and plowing. Even the harmony that environmentalists say, nodding in the direction of an ancient person and its relationship with the environment, – myth. For example, in Germany, the deforestation of forests began so long ago that scientists find it difficult to bring even an approximate date, and the greatest scope reached in the X-XII centuries. At the place of the old school as mushrooms on the promissory, towns and villages, whose names are now reminded either about the destroyed forests (endings -wald, -Walde – from German "Forest"), or about the destroyed loggers (endings -rod or -reuth from Roden – "Cup"; And also -hau, -schlag from Hauen and Schlagen – "Cut").
And with the beginning of the industrial era, the wood began to be used as an industrial fuel – the need for it increased at times. And here in the middle of the XIX century, the rapid disappearance of the green dubbing from the face of the earth first caused a thought to live: they should be protected. And people engaged in forest stairs.
Thus, the secondary forests turned out – Herfts. They were formed on the site of the former natural all the time, which has passed since the ecological physiognomy of Europe has become transformed (that is, since the beginning of the Neolithic – about 7 thousand years ago). Do not be a man with his "razors", She would be now covered with forest vegetation for four fifths, and exactly the right one that the continent is most "fits" (our ancestors also produced a selection, consciously changing the species composition of the trees, preferred certain rocks, which was not always favorably environmentally friendly).
However, we will be happy and what is free or unwittingly preserved. All these reserves, parks, reserves. The task of them is one, only somewhat different approaches to nature conservation. Biospheric reserves are a kind of environmental laboratories, where the principles of harmonious coexistence of man and nature are being implemented. Natural parks are designed to maintain cultural landscapes – recreation areas are arranged here. The national parks and reserves are a key element of the system and at the same time a powerful article of regional income – tourists pulls there as a magnet. In addition, locals often begin to feel like patriots "Self" Parks and are actively included in environmentally friendly activities.
The variety of Germanic nature, it is necessary to notice, unusually. Other times through every hundred kilometers you are met by a completely new landscape. Let’s try and we trace their shift – from the north to south.
Bird pass
Watts are called low-lying seeds of marine coasts, which are flooded with tides every day. Accordingly, during the low tide (twice a day) here you can easily walk along the bottom of the sea, consider seashells and mollusks. Shoes if you are not rubber boots, it is better, of course, to take off.
Watts can be found in different parts of the globe, for example in Russia – on the shores of White, Barents, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. In America – in the Gulf of Mexico. But "Classic" Watts – this is the southern coast of the North Sea in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. The entire watt band, together with the islands (along the coast, the necklace of the Frisian archipelago stretches), dunes, meadows on saline soils, covers the territory of the National Park Wattenmeer or, more precisely, the three-name parks relating to different federal lands. Most of all flooded shores falls on Schleswig Holstein. Schleswig-Holsteynishes-Wattenmeer National Park – the largest in the country (441,000 hectares).
Most of all the watts are famous as the kingdom of feathery – no other European district can boast of them in such quantities. True, for most species, this is a temporary reference on the way from the Arctic districts of Siberia and Canada, where the chicks, to the places of wintering in the west of Africa and Europe, but still within a few weeks every year, can observe live air flotillas on the wing – in the composition up to 10 million "combat units", a significant proportion of the repetition of the entire mainland. Say, at the end of the summer, all the Peganks of Europe are flying here (about 200 thousand individuals). Against this abundance, the number of mammals, of course, is small, but still tourists love to catch in the lens of the seal, which is also not difficult when there is a choice of ten thousand gorgeous, with high skin specimens.
The second main object of attention of the ornithologists – Glukhary Massive Harz (here, on the swords of the middle house, their famous are studied "dancing"). These edges were intensively mastered in the X-XVI centuries, the ore was mined here and iron was paid. Now the industrial potential is exhausted, and resting industrialists came to the change. For them, and also, of course, for the protection of the mountainous forest itself immediately after the unification of the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR, two national park were created – the upper Harz (5,868 hectares) and simply Harz (three times more in the area – 15,800 hectares).
In wooded slopes, countless streams flow. In the wounded among the pivots, the water bodies find themselves to feed Olyatka and is still the same as on Oder, black stork, noble deers are grazing – the greatest rarity for modern Europe. The local nature on the eye seems completely primitive. Trees trunks are covered with intricate patterns of lichens and sculpted with moss. Imagine how it all looks in the wrong light of autumn fogs? In Garza, besides, one of the most ancient rigging (that is, those at the early stage of development) of the country of country, creating ideal conditions for the paradoxical plant of Rosyanka, eating insects. As for predators more larger, then in 2000, they were driving a fish here, but as long as they live in a large aviary and only adapt to the forgotten wild life of the ancestors.
Schleswig-Holsteinishes-Wattenmeer National Park
Main office –
Tonning, 110 km south-east of Hamburg,
Everyday., nine.00-19.00,
[email&# 160; Protected]
Order excursions: bodies. 61 670.
The easiest way to get acquainted with the park – contact one of 20 information centers located on its territory. Park workers will hold you along the routes and get acquainted with the most interesting natural objects.
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest to get from Hamburg or Bremen to Tonning.
Bremen: 3 times a day, 3.5 hours;
Hamburg: 3 times a day, 10-12 h
Chile in the center of Europe
Unters-Oder National Park (11 thousand. hectares) this year notes the decade – it was created in 1995 to protect the fragile and rare in the nature of the river landscape with flooded floods. The valley of the Nizhny Oder stretches, like chili, a narrow three-kilometer strip by 60 km along the Polish border. In the spring, when snow melts, all this space is filled with friendly waters, and with the arrival of summer, small canals and lakes remain among the dried fuse. Above the labyrinth, the ducts and old men, over the filled and sudidal meadows, are circling over the floodplain forests, as above watts, numerous flocks of birds. The water itself holds all 100 thousand ducks, geese and swans, the middle floor gets fifteen thousand cranes. Sometimes this homogeneous system dissect eagles-Belohvosts, black storks. Spring on the wetlands arrange their semisilling nests Cabisa, Kronchneps and Turuccany. And the local populations of the Korostal and the helicate movie – the subject of interest of the entire scientific and biological world of Germany.
National Park Unters-Oder
Main office –
Schwedt, 80 km northeast of Berlin, Kriven Castle, bodies. 03332, 21980.
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest whole of Berlin to Swedet.
Berlin: 3 times a day, 1.5-2.40 h
The second main object of attention of the ornithologists – Glukhary Massive Harz (here, on the swords of the middle house, their famous are studied "dancing"). These edges were intensively mastered in the X-XVI centuries, the ore was mined here and iron was paid. Now the industrial potential is exhausted, and resting industrialists came to the change. For them, and also, of course, for the protection of the mountainous forest itself immediately after the unification of the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR, two national park were created – the upper Harz (5,868 hectares) and simply Harz (three times more in the area – 15,800 hectares).
Upper Harz National Park
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest whole of Berlin or Hannover to Vernigerode.
Berlin: 4 times a day, 2 h 40 min – 4 hours;
Hannover: 3 times a day, 2.5-3
In wooded slopes, countless streams flow. In the wounded among the pivots, the water bodies find themselves to feed Olyatka and is still the same as on Oder, black stork, noble deers are grazing – the greatest rarity for modern Europe. The local nature on the eye seems completely primitive. Trees trunks are covered with intricate patterns of lichens and sculpted with moss. Imagine how it all looks in the wrong light of autumn fogs? In Garza, besides, one of the most ancient rigging (that is, those at the early stage of development) of the country of country, creating ideal conditions for the paradoxical plant of Rosyanka, eating insects. As for predators more larger, then in 2000, they were driving a fish here, but as long as they live in a large aviary and only adapt to the forgotten wild life of the ancestors.
National Park Gartz
(Lower Lower Saxony, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, 15,800 hectares)
www.NationalPark-Harz.DE
Main office –
St. Andreasberg, 150 km from Hannover, Oderhouse, 1, bodies. 055 82, 91 89 0,
Fax: 055 82, 91 89 19 and [Email&# 160; Protected]
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest whole of Berlin or Hannover to St. Andreasberg.
Berlin: 3 times a day, 3.5-4.5 h;
Hannover: 3 times a day, 2.5 h
Under oak beggar
South south, in Thuringia, the so-called troops grow "Jungle in the heart of Germany", United Highty National Park (7,610 hectares). This is the largest of the truly virgin, not touched by civilization of deciduous forests in the country, and the prevails here "Typically German" oak and beech. At times, in particularly deaf places, the idea comes that before you did not go there a person’s leg, although there are plots on the outskirts, where the teachings of the Bundeswehr and the Earth have worked. Now there you can see how the forest slowly, but inevitably dismisses back spaces, once taken away from him.
As for special "Vick" Park, then visitors certainly demonstrate a monument of nature – 1000-year-old tree named Dub. According to legend, in the distant past, people left here in a small swollen modest donations to the wandering monks. Over time, the heap became passive and expanded that several people would fit in it free.
Unlike parks, which have been talking to now, Hyunny is mainly "Dedicated" mammal. Only volatile mice in it thirteen species. Forest cunnage is found, but the main "nail" programs – wild cats, although rarely who from ordinary guests of the park can face them in the forest. They are very hidden and besides hunting at night. From the purring inhabitants of our city apartments, these animals are distinguished by large sizes and a fluffy tail with dark stripes and a black blunt tip. They inhabited extensive forests of central Europe long before the Romans, having moved through the Alps, brought with me and home cats. Home Food Wild – Clear Business, Forest Mice. For the hunt, every predator requires several hundred hectares of the forest, so it is not surprising that there are only three dozen in the national park in the National Park.
Hyuni National Park
Information centre –
Bad Langenzaltsa, 280 km south-west of Berlin, Bai der Marirchet, 9,
tel. 39 07 28, 39 07 20 and [Email&# 160; Protected]
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest whole of Berlin to Bad Langenzalz.
Berlin: 3 times a day, 3.5 h
Great Lair Hitler
In the most distant southeastern corner of Germany, where the territory of the country’s country is crashed into the ground of neighboring Austria, and Hitler once built a country residence, Berchtesgaden National Park (20 808 hectares). Is of a certain similarity of natural conditions Bavarian linguite and writer XIX century Heinrich Nya (1835-896) called Berchtesgaden Yellowstone Park of the German Alps. Although the Park was created in the current borders only in 1978, the protection of the unique nature of these places is already engaged in almost a century. Back in 1910, a small botanical reserve was created here, and in 1921 – the extensive nature reserve Königsze – by the name of the picturesque lake spread here. It is also called "Bartolomeuse", What means "Lake St. Bartholomewee": The West Bank has a snow-white church of St. Bartholomew, erected in the XII century, with a dark red tiled roof and an eight-grown tent dome. The crystal clear reservoir, where the Alpine Trout is abundant, lies in a narrow and deep intermountain brand resembling the Norwegian fjord. Lake length 8 km, depth reaches 188 m. Königsze always attracted painters on their shores, so his northern bay is even called the corner of artists. And the surroundings of the West Bank became famous for their acoustic "Spec Effects": Echo, surprisingly distinct, repeated here repeatedly, as if the error itself with himself.
A significant part of the park is occupied by the rocky highlands of the Berchtesgaden Alps, stretching surrounded by Mount Wacmann (2,713 m), the second top of Germany. He who takes a walk to her from the shores of Königsze, will be able to see the whole range of alpine nature: Mountain Elniki follows deciduous forests, and then we rises to the harsh alpine meadows at the foot of the eternal snow.
Due to the fact that the National Park covers several high-rise belts, there is an exceptional biological diversity: 1,700 species of fungi, 1,100 – moss and lichen, about 1,000 types of vascular plants. Several types of reptiles and another 14 species of fish In addition to Alpine Trouta. Berkuts are solved above the mountain peaks, and Sulna, a mountain goat, Alpine Seasok, Zayach-Belyak meet on the mountain trails. Previously, large animals were found here – wolves, bears, lynx – however they were already exterminated by the time when in Berchtesgaden began to think about the interests of nature. But who knows, maybe if they give her calmly to develop in his laws, they will be announced in these places again?
Berchtesgaden National Park
Main office –
Berchtesgaden, 140 km south-east of Munich, bodies. 08 6 52, 64 3 43,
Franciscoreplatz, 7, 9.00-17.00.
How to get
Train –
To get to the park is the easiest whole of Munich to the city of Berchtesgaden.
Munich: Train 4 times a day, 3.5 h
