Hue (Hue)
Hue (Hue) – The city in the central part of Vietnam, located on both shores of the Khionng River, is about 10 kilometers from the coast of the South China Sea and 98 km north of Dananga. Important Cultural, Historical and Tourist Center for the Region. Population – 338 994 people (2010).
The first mentions of HYE are referred to by 1306, but this city became famous, primarily as the capital of the Nguyen Dynasty – the last Imperial Dynasty of Vietnam, who established control over the country and the rules from 1802 to 1945. All 13 emperors of this dynasty were sacrificed in Hue for 143 years. The last thirteenth emperor, Bao Dai, torn here from the throne in favor of the revolutionary government Ho Chi Minh.
For 143 years, Hue was not only a political, but also cultural, educational and religious center of Vietnam.
The city was held through difficult times during the Vietnamese War – in 1968, for 28 days, Hue was busy with the troops of Vietkon, who later displaced the troops of the Southern Vietnam. After the departure of Vietkrugs, mass burials of local residents were found here – about 2,200 corpses of officials, religious figures, police officers and foreigners. In addition, the city was very injured as a result of bombing.
Today, Hue is a major tourist center and is rightfully considered one of the most interesting historical cities of the country – more than 300 architectural monuments have been preserved here, among which numerous temples, pagodas, tombs, pivops, museums and palaces.
In 1993, the complex of monuments of Hue was first in Vietnam entered the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Climate in Hue – Tropical monsoon, with two pronounced seasons: dry and wet. Fogs and high humidity (80-85%) – normal phenomenon for these places.
Dry season lasts from February to early August, average air temperature during this period – +27…+thirty°C. The hottest months are May, June, July, August (temperature may rise to + 34 ° C).
The wet season lasts from August to January, the average air temperature during this period – + 21 … + 25 ° C. The most rainy months – September, October, November, January.
The best time to travel to Hue – period from February to July.
Hue is 760 kilometers south of Hanoi, 970 km north of Hoshimin and 98 km north of Dananga.
Their Hanoi and Ho Chi Minhine are most convenient to reach an airplane or by train, and from Dananga – By train (several trains a day, 4 hours on the way) or bus (3 hours in the way).
FUBA International Airport (Phu Bai International Airport) – Located 13 kilometers south of Hue.
One of the main historical sights of Hue is Imperial city, Located on the northern coast of the Khiong River ("Aromatic") and is a square fortress complex 2 by 2 km, with ten gates and protective walls, surrounded by a moat with water from the fragrant river. Height of wall – About 6.6 m, thickness – up to 21 meters.
There are many temples, mausoleums, squares, ponds and various buildings on the territory of the imperial city’s fortress complex, as well as the main local attraction – Citadel, within which is located Forbidden magenta city (T&# 7917; C&# 7845; m thàNH), with magnificent architectural structures, harmoniously adjacent to each other.
The citadel as well as the entire surrounding complex has an almost square shape (approximately 300 per 300 meters), is surrounded by protective walls and a moat with water. The height of the walls is about 4 m, thickness – 1 meter. You could enter here through one of the four gates.
Forbidden City was the center of the daily life of the emperor and the Imperial Dynasty. Only the emperor and his approximated. Its construction began in 1803 under the emperor Zya-Long, and its name «Forbidden city» He received in 1821, with the emperor Ming Mang.
The forbidden city suffered very much during hostilities, as a result, a significant part of it was not preserved to our days and is now periodically restored.
NGOMON Gate (NG&# 7885; MôN) – were built in 1833 in the traditional Vietnamese style during the reign of Emperor Min Manga and were the main entrance to the Citadel. It was here that the emperor recresented, watching solemn events.
The gate is divided into two levels: the basic stone-brick fortress, with five entrances, and a more complex structure from above on it, resembling the palace, where the emperor was located.
Thai Palace (&# 272; I&# 7879; N tháI Hòa) – was built in 1805 and was a symbol of the power of the Imperial Dynasty of Nguyen. Palace and the area adjacent to him served the place of all important celebrations, such as coronation and birthdays of emperors, here were held here and foreign guests were accepted.
Thai Palace is located in the south of the Forbidden City, not far from the Gate of NG-Mont, near two ponds, separated by a bridge with a symbolic gate, decorated with traditional ornaments.
Chiongshan Palace (Cung TR&# 432;&# 7901; NG SANH) or Palace longevity – was built in 1821 and was the residence of the mother of the king you-so. It is located in the northwestern part of the Forbidden City.
Royal Library (TH ; I BìNH LâU) – It is a wooden two-storey house located in the northeastern part of the Forbidden City. The building was built in the period from 1818 to 1821 under the emperor Mil Mang, and was originally conceived as a place where it would be possible to reach reading, poetry and reflections. It was here that emperors came to break from public affairs.
Royal Theater (Duy&# 7879; t th&# 7883; &# 272;&# 432;&# 7901; NG) – was built in accordance with the eastern architectural traditions on the territory of the Forbidden City in 1826 by order of Emperor Ming Manga.
Was destroyed during the hostilities of 1968 and restored on the original foundation in the period from 1995 to 2002. Currently here are presentations every day.
In addition to the Imperial City with Citadel and the Forbidden City in the vicinity of Hue, there are many other no less interesting historical attractions, including numerous pagodas, tiger isna, the tombs of emperors and the National Park of Batma.
Pagoda Tienmu (CHùa thiêN M&# 7909;) – Located on a small hill on the northern shore of the fragrant river, about 3 kilometers west of the imperial city.
Pagoda was built in 1601, today is one of the oldest and beautiful temples of Hue, and is also considered an unofficial symbol of the city.
The most remarkable element of the Pagoda is the PH seven-story tower&# 432;&# 7899; C duy&# 234; N, erected in 1844. Its height is about 21 meters.
Bao Pagoda (CH&# 249; A Báo qu&# 7889; c) – Buddhist temple located on the southern shore «Fragrant river», approximately 1 kilometer to the west of the city center, on a small hill. The complex takes the territory of about 2 hectares.
Pagoda was built in 1670 by a Buddhist Chinese monk, and Min Manga received the modern name from Emperor, who celebrated his 40th anniversary here in 1830. Last time was restored in 1957.
In the past, during the reign of the Dynasty of Nguyen, the Bao-Cuque Pagoda was one of the three national pagodas.
Ziyuda Pagoda (CH&# 249; A di&# 7879; u &# 272;&# 7871;) – Located next to the southeastern part of the imperial city, on the opposite bank of the canal. It was built in the period from 1841 to 1847 under the Emperor Thaiu Chi, was one of the three national pagodas and one of the most famous in Vietnam.
Pagoda is named after four noble truths, one of the basic teachings of Buddhism.
In the world, Ziyuda Pagoda is known, first of all, the fact that on August 21, 1963 there was a bloody battle between the South National Government forces of President NGO Din Ziamy and supporters of the Buddhist monks, trying to stop the offensive of troops on the temple. The government army tried to arrest monks who headed civilian resistance campaigns.
Tyiyu Pagoda (T&# 7915; HI&# 7871; u) – One of the three national temples during the reign of the Nguyen dynasty. The temple complex was founded in 1848 during the reign of the emperor, you so much and is one of the largest and picturesque in the ancient capital Hue. Located 2.5 kilometers south of Hue.
Tiger Arena (H&# 7893; QUY&# 7873; n) – Unique Arena, on which, for entertainment of the emperors of the Nguyen dynasty, brutal bloody fights were arranged between elephants and tigers (leopards). It was built in 1830 as directed by Emperor Ming Manga.
In the past, such brutal events were held throughout the country, on average once a year, but the latest information about them belongs to 1904.
Tiger Arena is located on the southern shore of the "fragrant river", 4 kilometers west of Hue.
The Imperial Dynasty of Nguyen had 13 rulers, but for various reasons only 7 of them built the tombs. All imperial tombs are excellent examples of Vietnamese Buddhist architecture. Some of them were almost completely destroyed and are still restored.
The most popular with tourists – Mint Manga Tomb, Tombs you soak and Combus Khai Diny.
Tomb Zia Long (L&# 259; NG GIA LONG) – Located 15 kilometers south of Hue. It was built in the period from 1814 to 1820, and is the most remote from the tomb. Is a complex from the grave of the emperor and several graves of his relatives. Here is the grave of his wife – Empress Tong Tha-Lan (T&# 7889; ng th&# 7883; LAN).
Zia Long was the first emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty. Rules from 1802 to 1820. It was he who built on «Fragrant river» New capital of the country – Hue.
Mil Manang Tomb (L&# 259; NG MINH M&# 7841; NG) – Located 10 kilometers south of Hue. It was built in the period from 1840 to 1843, is one of the most luxurious, and is considered one of the most harmonious in the architectural plan.
Its architectural ensemble is located on the square in 18 hectares and consists of picturesque ponds with bridges, palaces, temples and pavilions.
The construction of the tomb was started by Mil Mang himself in 1840, but in January 1841 he fell ill and died, so the tomb was completed his son.
Mil Mang was the second emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty, rules from 1820 to 1840.
Tketch Thai Chi (L&# 259; NG THI&# 7879; u tr&# 7883;) – Located 6 kilometers south of Hue. The emperor died on November 4, 1847, at the age of 41. Theiu Chi in Life did not take care of the construction of his own tomb, so it was built in 1848 his son you are so.
The overall architecture of this rather modest tomb is a combination of architectural forms of Tomb of Zy Long and Ming Manga.
Theiu Chi was the third emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty. Rules from 1841 to 1847, was the most revered and favorite people of the emperor.
Tomb you so (L&# 259; NG TU DUC) – Located 6 kilometers south of Hue. It was built in the period from 1864 to 1867. The tomb is distinguished by complex architecture and is considered one of the most beautiful. The emperor personally developed the plan of his tomb and called her home immortality or eternal life.
You Duc was the fourth emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty. Rules from 1847 to 1883.
Tomb of the Tree Duc (L&# 259; ng d&# 7909; C &# 272;&# 7913; c) – Located 1 kilometer south of Hue. Was built in 1891. Compared to other tombs of the emperors of the Nguyen dynasty, its architecture is considered simpler and more modest.
In the complex of the tomb of the pitch, the graves of his son and the grandson – the emperors Than Thhai and Zuya Tana.
Town Duc was the fifth emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty and the nephew of the emperor you so. His rule continued only about three days – from July 20 to July 23, 1883. Was chosen to continue the board, since the emperor had no son. But soon after joining the throne was shifted by the members of the imperial yard, displeased his proximity to the French. Died from hunger in prison.
His son Than Thai was the tenth emperor of the Nguyen dynasty, and his grandson Zui Tan – the eleventh. Ironically, both of them were opponents of French domination over Vietnam and were deportal to the colonialists on the island of Reunion. Than Thai returned to Vietnam, but he soon died (a year before the expulsion of the French). And Zui Tan died in a plane crash on the way home in Vietnam.
Tomb Dong Khan (L&# 259; NG &# 272;&# 7891; NG KHáNH) – Located 6 kilometers south of Hue. It was built in the period from 1888 to 1889, then periodically completed until 1923.
This is the most small tomb area of all, but the most original, as it was built in the transition period of Vietnamese history, when the European culture began to penetrate into Vietnam. In its architecture, you can observe the use of terracotta bas-reliefs, stained glass and French motifs along with traditional Vietnamese and Chinese features.
Dong Khan was the ninth emperor of Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty. He reigned from 1885 to 1889. Took the throne thanks to the French, who killed his brother, the eighth emperor Ham Ngi. Rules as an emperor-puppet and died due to illness aged 25 years.
Croach Khai Ding (L&# 259; NG Khai Dinh) – Located 8 kilometers south of Hue. It was built in the period from 1820 to 1831. It is less compared to many others, built on top of the hill, combines European and Vietnamese traditions of architectural art using ceramics and glass elements.
The best architects and artists of the time worked on the creation of this tomb, including this, according to this, it is rightfully considered to be the highest achievement of Vietnamese decorative and applied art.
Khai Din was the twelfth emperor Vietnam from the Nguyen dynasty. Rules from 1916 to 1925. He died in 1925 at the age of 40 from tuberculosis.
