Red dressing uprising

Mongolian dynasty Yuan entered the history of China as "Initial", A clear hint of the first, initial rule of the imperial dynasty in China. However, the emperors of the genus Yuan were on the throne of the subway, less than 100 years, which, compared to other dynasties, is a little longer.

The reason for the fall of the dynasty, who claimed the centuries-old power in China, was the uprising of the "red dressings". Seventeen-year-old confrontation between the Mongolian rulers was the most ambitious liberation movement in East Asia in its entire history.

The policy of Mongolian emperors has long caused dissatisfaction with the Chinese people dividing on a kind of caste, class groups. The first caste, elite, consisted of the Mongols themselves. They held senior posts in the state apparatus, in military units, had the relevant privileges. The second group included representatives of Central Asian nationalities, excluding the Chinese. Inside this group was divided into 13 subgroups. The third and fourth groups included the Chinese: Northerners and Southerners. The latter were the lowest caste deprived of all rights. Of course, the center of the uprising was the south of the country.

The infringement of the rights of the Chinese was obvious, impudent, not knowing boundaries. They were forbidden to wear weapons, practicing wushu, workers did not have the right to change the work, so the development mortality was high. Discrimination concerned and punishment for crimes. For example, for killing Mongol, the Chinese threatened the death penalty, Mongol could only get rid of the fine. Country "Eatal" Corruption, although Mongols tried to survive this "disease".

Nature added oils into the fire: the constant spills of the Juanhe River led to the destruction of the Great Channel connecting the south and north of the country. Closed product road to the north of China, where hunger began. The sea route was dangerous with a pirated ram. Of course, the Mongolian authorities tried to cope with the problems of a natural nature, but all the possibilities were exhausted, and the victims were not eliminated. Simple uneducated people considered the cause of all cataclysms with emperors "Heavenly Mandate on the Board". Everyone expected from day to "change of mandates" and the arrival of a new ruler.

Chancellor Togto offered to break through the channel south of Shandong Peninsula. 150 thousand workers protected by the Mongolian army in the amount of 20 thousand were kicked out on the grandiose construction. Repair works of the Great Channel cost considerable victims among the common population. In 1351, the working channels brought by grave labor to the boiling point raise the wave of indignation. They dress on the heads of red dressings, a sign of distinction from the rest of the workers. So the movement begins "Red Türbanov" or "Red dressing uprising". Raids of the peasants had destructive power. There were no merchants for Mongols, nor for the Chinese.

The rebel army threshing Buddhist temples, monasteries. Small detachments "Red dressings" They struck the powers of software, as it seemed to them the most dangerous objects of the Mongolian government. But innocent Chinese officials fell under the restoration wheels of justice. The frenzy of the rebel added awareness that there is nothing more to lose: refugees have entered the detachments – the lowest soldiers who ruined the peasants, coented by flooding, drought from their lands, losers.

We have weak weak: inexpensive spears, chains for throat. The government’s army initially stopped the attack against power, but indignation increased, therefore it was increasingly difficult to control the situation in the country. The execution of the rebel leaders did not stop the uprising.

With an incredible inspiration, they unfolded their actions, trying to restore the descendants of the Sun dynasty in their rights. Across the country there were enough. So in the history of the uprising, Han Liniera entered, who called himself a legitimate heir to the Imperial Throne, transformed by the Maitreya Buddha. The idea of ​​the advent of the Buddha Maitreya raised the Spirit in the detachments of the peasants. Buddha of the Future must restore the balance in the world by defeating evil. But there is little ideology, it is necessary to strategically correctly organize your way to victory. Who will be wise, knowledgeable organizer? Holy spot is not empty: there is always a person who can lead a furious crowd.

Zhu yuanzhen. It was he who radically changed the course of the imperial rule in China. Fate fell prettyly forced him, made a number of tragic moments, who strengthened his will, hardened the spirit: the loss of all relatives, life in the monastery, a fire in the Buddhist monastery. Turns in life brought him to the army of Guy Zisin, which became the largest rebel army in the country.

Once in battle, Yuanzhan, who was distinguished by a wild temper, courage bordering cruelty, saved his commander. Gratitude was appointed head of one of the divisions. The death of Guy Zisin was not sadly saddown by Yuanzhanya, he ranks commander. In 1355, in the summer, he with his army takes the assault the city of Nanjing, in which he creates his administration, the defenders of the city. A rumor about the talented, wise leader passes around China.

The ranks of his army increased, the procedure and discipline ruled in it. Promising the peasants exemption from taxes in the ruined areas, compliance with laws, punishment for the income, he won the locality, popularity among the common population of the country.

Army "Red dressings" became dangerous, part of her participants left the hostilities and went home to handle land. Zhu Yuanzhan announces the remnants of the army "Harmful and heretical", Since it now consisted of gangsters and sectarians. In 1360, Zhu Yuanzhzhhan introduces tax on alcohol trade tax, vinegar, announces a monopoly on a salt trading, a little later on the trade in tea. Begins the chasing of a new coin, even more by China’s approximately approximately the currency, after two years, recreates the customs service.

Took the storm the capital of the rebels, the city of Anfen. In 1367, when crossing the Yangtze River, Han Liniere. The mysterious death of the prince makes Yuanzhanya the only full-fledged leader of the renewed China. Hanbalyk (Modern Beijing) captured by the new emperor in September 1368, receives the new name Bajin ("northern capital"). In the same year, he proclaims the beginning of the new Ming dynasty ("Light"), becoming Emperor Hongu.

A year later, Zhu Yuanzhan ordered to compose from the land of Yuan Palaces. In their place a little later, the Forbidden City and the Temple of the Sky and Earth appears. He also continued the construction of the Great Wall. By the way, it is the plots of one of the greatest attractions of China, built during the reign of the Ming dynasty, remained to our days due to their reliability and fortress, since created from blocks and bricks.

Defeating the rebel army, the new emperor completed the national liberation of the country, starting the rule of the greatest imperial dynasty Min.