Tsunami who changed the world

April 5, 1912 * Alexander Block in the diary recorded: «The death of Titanic&# 39; A, yesterday I delightly delighted me (there is an ocean)». Ocean «was» — And after ten years after that record, he showed himself to another hat, erased from the face of Half Tokyo. At all times, even if not in such a radical form, the element was the subject of admirement and intellectual understanding.

Kanto

On September 1, 1923 at 11 o’clock 58 minutes, the Japanese standard time was shifted by a tectonic plate in the Philippine Sea in the region of Kanto on the island of Honsu, which includes Tokyo. One of the first to unusual seismic activity, Professor of the Seismology of Tokyo University of Akitsun Imamura drew attention. His equipment consistently registered several underground jokes, the first and strongest of which, 7.9 on the Richter scale, lasted 12 seconds. The epicenter was under the bay of saga, 90 km from Tokyo. In less than a minute, a significant part of Tokyo and the neighboring port of Yokohama was destroyed.

The inhabitants of Tokyo then were busy cooking — Time of lunch approached. The first shoes accompanied the sound of a beating porcelain. Residents hurried to go out into the streets, in open spaces, trying to hold on to what they seemed strong, — For trees and telegraph poles. But on the streets of Tokyo could not find salvation — They began to crumble roofs of houses, and many victims were buried under the piles of crushed stone. Bridges and buildings collapsed, wreckage of wooden houses lightly light up. Fires in the old city, devoid of proper security measures, began shortly after the earthquake. Everything came out as it came out: the day was windy, and the earthquake destroyed the aquifers for extinguishing fires. Having calculated to find the shelter both from the underground jokes and from the flame, 40,000 inhabitants of Tokyo, mainly from the densely populated working area of ​​Hongjo, hid in the huge premises of the intennant warehouses. Only 2000 people managed to survive. The rest died, mainly from choking — Hot air and smoke from neighboring houses began to walk around warehouse. In total, 60,000 people died in Tokyo during the fire. The total number of victims — about 100,000 people. 500,000 houses were destroyed in Tokyo (60% of the total in the city).

Unfortunately caused by an earthquake, did not stop in one day. Following the desolation of the city, Marauders appeared, and rumors crawled around for several days that they were blamed not only the wind and wooden buildings, but also Koreans who were supposedly laid bombs under Japanese houses. During the pogroms that followed the earthquake, about 6,000 people were killed. Subsequently, the Imperial Ministry of Education established the release of literature on the heroism of ordinary Japanese during the disaster. These books played an important role in raising a new generation of Japanese patriots. The earthquake of 1923 became the most destructive in the history of Japan. The damage from it was two annual budgets of the country, and the government was thinking about the transfer of the capital.

Lisbon

Earthquake and a huge wave, flushed from the face of Paul Lisbon, became hardly the main «News» XVIII century. All Europe spoke about the catastrophe. The great minds of that time, from Voltaire to Goethe, broke their heads over how much God made such events, and even in such a desperately Catholic country as Portugal, and on November 1, on the day of all saints. If you imagine that the development of human thought is controlled by something external in relation to this thought, the earthquake in Lisbon played a huge role in the formation of European secularism and atheism.

It also contributed to such widespread news of the catastrophe. The concussion was felt within a radius of 600 km from the epicenter, in Venice, the guards of the prisoner of Casanov were felt from the deaf jogging and land shudders (it tells about it himself «citizen of the world» v «Stories of my life»), and in Aachen, the image of the Virgin began to sway from side to the side.

The earthquake began in the morning, in twenty minutes of the tenth, when people gathered in the church to services. From the sea, a giant wave rose, an overlooking city, and after a short time, the water moved at all from Lisbon to return after an hour and a half in the form of a huge tsunami destroying all ships that stood in the port. Because of the dust, rising from the collapsed buildings, over the city acknowledged the sky and people remained in complete darkness, one on one with her horror. King Jose, together with his wife and two daughters, the earthquake found in the suburban palace. Two nights the royal family spent in Karen in the courtyard of the residence.

For the burial of the corpses, there was no sufficiently sanctified land, and the bodies of those killed on three barges were taken to the ocean, where the vessels were flooded. The organization of this event was to Sebastian Jose Pombal, an influential person at the court of King Jose. Following your motto: «Burry the dead and feed» — Pombal started restoring Lisbon

In total, under the population of Lisbon, 250,000 as a result of the earthquake of 1755, 50,000 to 100,000 people died — Nobody led at the point of counting, and after it could hardly be bothering any exact result. For the burial of the corpses, there was no sufficiently sanctified land, and the bodies of those killed on three barges were taken to the ocean, where the vessels were flooded. The organization of this event was to Sebastian Jose Pombal, an influential person at the court of King Jose. Following your motto: «Burry the dead and feed» — Pombal began to restore Lisbon, this time, taking into account the seismic setting. Before mistaken about the case, I pounced 80 Marauders on the gallows (the church, at the same time burned several heretics) and only then took the streets of Lisbon. Forbid independent construction, pombal hired military engineers and instructed them, without worrying about the beauty of buildings, to develop such houses and such streets so that the tragedy does not repeat in the same time. New houses were tested for persistence — around them, desperately drowning, Rota soldiers ran. It was the first experience in Europe «rational» Urban planning based on scientific data.